Ships use liquids and gases for different applications. Ships cargo also may be liquids. Liquids may be water,fuel etc., Gases may be compressed air, refrigerants, natural gas etc., These liquids and gases are stored in tanks. The liquids or gases are supplied to different equipments at rated pressure through pumps. From the equipment the liquids and gases may return to tanks if it is a closed circuit or may be drained from the equipment if it is a open system. As the tanks, pumps and equipments are located in different places in the ship, lengthy pipelines are used to interconnect them. When the pipelines pass through the bulkheads and decks in different parts of the ship they are laid as a bunch.
As the pipelines are not transparent the contents of the pipelines are not visible. Even the flow direction can not be found out. For maintenance and fault finding, the contents of the pipelines and the flow direction of the contents must be known. Here comes the necessity to mark the pipelines with a universal color code to identify the contents and flow direction in pipelines.
Here is a typical hydraulic system
All the tags shown as suction line, discharge line, return line and drain are pipe lines.
How the pipelines are marked ?
Color code and flow directions are shown below. Markings are done in places where markings will be easily visible. Markings are done closer to valves, filters in the pipelines also.
Water Lines
Sea water,River water, Untreated water pipeline
Drinking water pipeline
Fire mains pipeline
Hydraulic power pipeline
Cooling water (primary) pipeline
Boiler feed pipeline
Condensate pipeline
Hot water pipeline
Hot water above 100 degree Celsius
Hot water below 100 degree Celsius
Cold water pipeline
Chilled water pipeline
Oil Lines
Furnace oil line
Diesel oil line
Lubricating oil line
Hydraulic oil line
Transformer oil line
Gases
Compressed air line
Vacuum line
Steam line
Natural gas line
Anhydrous ammonia line
Refrigerant R12
Refrigerant R22
Refrigerant R502
Other Refrigerants
Drain line
Acids and Alkali line
Electrical conduits and ventilation ducts
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[...] of ferrous material, pipe surfaces are required to be protected against corrosion. Painting of the pipelines is necessary to protect the pipelines. Merely painting the pipe surface without surface preparation [...]